International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine
Volume 9, Issue 2 , Pages 58-65 , June 2006

Factors affecting the intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability of palpation for supine medial malleoli asymmetry

  • Gary Fryer

      Affiliations

    • School of Health Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
    • Centre for Aging, Rehabilitation, Exercise and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
    • Corresponding Author InformationOsteopathic Medicine, School of Health Sciences, City Campus, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, MCMC, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia. Tel.: +61 03 92481210; fax: +61 03 92481030.

Received 19 August 2005 ,Revised 19 October 2005 ,Accepted 16 November 2005.

References 

  1. Bourdillon JF, Day EA, Bookhout MR. Spinal manipulation. 5th ed.. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992;
  2. DiGiovanna EL, Schiowitz S. An osteopathic approach to diagnosis & treatment. 2nd ed.. Lippincott; 1997;
  3. Goodridge JP, Kuchera ML. Muscle energy treatment techniques for specific areas. In:  Ward RC editors. Foundations for osteopathic medicine. Baltimore: William & Wilkins; 1997;p. 697–761
  4. Greenman PE. Principles of manual medicine. 2nd ed.. Baltimore: William & Wilkins; 1996;
  5. Mitchell FL, Moran PS, Pruzzo NA. An evaluation and treatment manual of osteopathic muscle energy procedures. Valley Park, MO: Mitchell, Moran and Pruzzo; 1979;
  6. Mitchell FL, Mitchell PKG. The muscle energy manual. vol. 1. Michigan: MET Press; 1995;
  7. Peace S, Fryer G. Methods used by members of the Australian osteopathic profession to assess the sacroiliac joint. J Osteopath Med. 2004;7:26–33
  8. Chaitow L. Muscle energy techniques. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1997;
  9. Stone C. Science in the art of osteopathy. UK: Stanley Thornes Ltd; 1999;
  10. Haas M. The reliability of reliability. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;14:199–208
  11. Levangie PK. Four clinical tests of the sacroiliac joint dysfunction: the association of test results with innominate torsion among patients with and without low back pain. Phys Ther. 1999;79:1043–1057
  12. Levangie PK. The association between static pelvic asymmetry and low back pain. Spine. 1999;24:1234–1242
  13. Fryer G. Muscle energy concepts – a need for change. J Osteopath Med. 2000;3:54–59
  14. Fryer G. Diagnostic and therapeutic principles: muscle energy technique. In:  Liem T,  Dobler TK editor. Leitfaden Osteopathie. Parietale Techniken. Munich: Urban & Fischer; 2002;
  15. Haas M. Statistical methodology for reliability studies. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;14:119–132
  16. Spring F, Gibbons P, Tehan P. Intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability of a positional diagnostic screen for the lumbar spine. J Osteopath Med. 2001;4:47–55
  17. O'Haire C, Gibbons P. Inter-examiner and intra-examiner agreement for assessing sacroiliac anatomy using palpation and observation: pilot study. Man Ther. 2000;5:13–20
  18. Freburger JK, Riddle DL. Measurement of sacroiliac dysfunction: a multicenter intertester reliability study. Phys Ther. 1999;79:1134–1141
  19. Fryer G, McPherson HC, O'Keefe P. The effect of training on the inter-examiner and intra-examiner reliability of the seated flexion test and assessment of pelvic anatomical landmarks with palpation. Int J Osteopath Med. 2005;8:131–138
  20. Landis JR, Koch G. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1997;33:159–174
  21. Korr IM. Clinical significance of the facilitated state. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1954;54:277–282
  22. Van Buskirk RL. Nociceptive reflexes and the somatic dysfunction: a model. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1990;90:
  23. Kuchera WA, Kuchera ML. Osteopathic principles in practice. Missouri: Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine Press; 1992;
  24. Brady RJ, Dean JB, Skinner TM, Gross MT. Limb length inequality: clinical implications for assessment and intervention. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33:221–234
  25. Hanada E, Kirby RL, Mitchell MM, Swuste JM. Measuring leg-length discrepancy by the “Iliac Crest Palpation and Book Correction” method: reliability and validity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82:938–942
  26. Gibbons P, Dumper C, Gosling C. Inter-examiner and intra-examiner agreement for assessing simulated leg length inequality using palpation and observation during a standing examination. J Osteopath Med. 2002;5:53–58
  27. Hestboek L, Leboeuf-Yde C. Are chiropractic tests for the lumbo-pelvic spine reliable and valid? A systematic critical literature review. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23:258–275
  28. Jacob HAC, Kissling RO. The mobility of the sacroiliac joints in healthy volunteers between 20 and 50 years of age. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1995;10:352–361
  29. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ. The sacroiliac joint: a review of anatomy and biomechanics with clinical implications. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1997;20:607–617
  30. Tullberg T, Blomberg S, Branth B, Johnsson R. Manipulation does not alter the position of the sacroiliac joint. Spine. 1998;23:1124–1128

PII: S1746-0689(05)00102-1

doi: 10.1016/j.ijosm.2005.11.004

International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine
Volume 9, Issue 2 , Pages 58-65 , June 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution